F2. Food systems and spread of diseases

Comparing energy efficiency and water footprints in food production

Systems approach: water-food-energy nexus

Source: http://www.iwa-network.org/learn/sustainable-development-the-water-energy-food-nexus/

The water, energy and food (WEF) nexus means that the three sectors — water security, energy security and food security — are inextricably linked and that actions in one area more often than not have impacts in one or both of the others.

FAO has developed an approach to assess and manage the water-energy-food nexus to inform decision-making processes and to guide the development of “Nexus-sensitive” policies, supporting countries in designing and implementing them in a participatory manner.

AS part of the WEF Nexus approach, the Nexus Assessment (including the Nexus Rapid Appraisal) consists of an easily applicable methodology, which relies on indicators that are based on different country typologies, allowing a quick assessment of possible interventions against overarching development goals such as food security, and the sustainability of the use and management of energy and water supplies.

Source: http://www.fao.org/energy/water-food-energy-nexus/en/

Water-Energy-Food Nexus Rapid Appraisal

Source: Nagle, G. and Cooke, B. Geography course companion. Oxford. 2nd edition

The physical and human processes that can lead to variations in food consumption

Josette Sheeran - Ending hunger now

Source: https://www.ted.com/talks/josette_sheeran_ending_hunger_now

FAO hunger map

Source: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4674e.pdf

Source: http://ref.data.fao.org/dataset?entryId=a66c7b52-c57d-4407-8dee-6707e7967e42

Diffusion

The role of diffusion  in the spread of agricultural innovations 

Source: Nagle, G. and Cooke, B. Geography course companion. Oxford. 2nd edition

The role of diffusion  in the spread of diseases

Source: http://thebritishgeographer.weebly.com/the-spread-of-disease-and-its-management.html

Source: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2b01/83823ecbecc1bd46d74a2873d25e5a1b7e54.pdf

Geographic factors contributing to the incidence, diffusion and impacts of vector-borne diseases 

Zika virus

Source: https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/current-zika-transmission-worldwide

Source: https://www.sutori.com/story/the-diffusion-of-zika-virus

Follow the links below for more information about the incidence, diffusion and impacts of the Zika virus:

The hidden environmental factors behind the spread of Zika and other devastating diseases

A SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE ZIKA VIRUS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: with a focus on Brazil, Colombia and Suriname

Cholera

The Story of Cholera

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jG1VNSCsP5Q

Source: http://www.who.int/gho/epidemic_diseases/cholera/epidemics/en/

PREVENTING DIARRHOEA THROUGH BETTER WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE

Synthesis, evaluation and skills

Use the content from this post to plan an answer for the following exam style question: ‘Contrast the scale of causes and solutions to food and health problems’. 10 marks. 

Use mark scheme on page 56 from the new syllabus guide (AO3).